Xgau SezThese are questions submitted by readers, and answered by Robert Christgau. New ones will appear in batches every third Tuesday. To ask your own question, please use this form. May 21, 2025[Q] Hi Bob, I may be wrong but I don't recall you writing anything about the always watchable 1999 four-part Rock n' Roll Animal documentary residing over on YouTube. I'd be interested in hearing how it came about, what you thought of it at the time, and what you think of it now looking back (can it really be?) over a quarter of a century on. -- Trevor Minter, Shoreham by Sea, United Kingdom [A]
That film came to pass when a young NYU student named
Paul Lovelace
proposed it. Films and especially student films being the somewhat
crude and iffy and time-consuming propositions they tend to be, I had
my doubts, but I liked the kid a lot and figured what the hell. I
thought the results were fine—think often of the final shot of
my riding up Fourth Avenue on my bike from the Voice offices—and
became full-fledged friends with Paul. Carola and I attended his
marriage to Jessica Wolfson and as unremitting baby fans went to visit
them uptown more than once after they became parents. Then they moved
to Austin, where they became successful filmmakers; recently Paul was
brought on board to help make a much larger-budget feature-length
documentary directed by bizwise tech entrepreneur Matty Wishnow and
focused on none other than uxorious rock critic Robert
Christgau. Working with Paul on that film has been somewhere between a
pleasure and a joy. In case you hadn't guessed, I can't wait to see
it. Let me add that Paul was an producer, writer, and editor on the
now-in-theaters documentary
Swamp Dogg Gets
His Pool Painted, which I've recommended
here before and recommend again.
April 16, 2025Essential pre-internet reference works, El Lay vs L.A., more music from the Great White North, de gustibus non disputandum est, roll over Beethoven, and party politics briefly considered. [Q] Hi Bob, I wonder what some of your essential pre-internet reference works were. Back before Google, what books or resources did you keep around and refer to regularly as you wrote the Consumer Guide or long-form pieces—whether for genre history, artist catalog, music theory/terminology, chart information, or anything else? -- Jay Thompson, Seattle [A]
Joel Whitburn's guides to the Billboard charts have always
been valuable. I still keep them on my desk's bookshelf, although I
see that the unbound, stapled, pamphlet-style first edition without
which I couldn't have written the '70s CG book that made me slightly
famous, is missing its first and final pages, so tattered it now
starts with Avalon and ends with Welch. The Whitburn I still use is
The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits. I also keep The Trouser
Press Record Guide close at hand.
[Q] Why do you call it "El Lay?" -- Lonnie, Boston [A]
This New York chauvinist gibe was concocted by Village Voice fashion
writer Blair Sabol. As an unbowed NYC chauvinist I couldn't resist it
but will note that this was well before the flowering of such (note
spelling) L.A. punk-era bands as
X, the
Minutemen,
L7,
Black Flag,
NOFX, and my special faves the
Descendents. El Lay is or
should I say was about the biz, which I always made room for as well
despite my continuing skepticism about the Laurel Canyon
folkie-virtuoso sensibility, which helped generate plenty of good
music even so.
[Q] Why isn't THE BAND on your list of great Canadian artists? Yes one of them, Levon Helm, was American but their formative years were playing in Toronto. Moreover, there's something very Canadian about them, despite the fact that they're sometimes classified as "Americana." By the way, the late Garth Hudson was awarded the Order of Canada. -- Lawrence Casse, Toronto [A]
Pure oversight, obviously—an oversight reflecting the
inconvenient fact that I've always respected them more than I've liked
them, although I do have a dim memory of being surprised at how much I
enjoyed hearing them after seeing a movie featuring them that's also a
dim memory. One reason is that I've never found even one of them a
remarkable singer, another that I've never thought either their
songwriting or their groove all that either. The only album of theirs
I actively liked was never Consumer Guided, at least in part because
it came out precisely when I was breaking up with Ellen Willis, an all
too engrossing endeavor: 1969's eponymous, as they like to say, The
Band. If this answer hasn't perturbed you I suggest you look over the
Consumer Guide reviews they
inspired. The corrective to this disinterest is Greil Marcus's
Mystery Train, where the Band plays a major role. After which
you might take a look at Barney Hoskyns's considerably less idyllic
Woodstock book Small Town Talk. Not exactly a utopia, that
town.
[Q] Why do you dislike progressive rock music so much when the genre has brought so much amazing music to my ears that I would have never heard in any other genre of music? There's no way that music this beautiful and emotionally affecting can be bad. -- Brent Dubroc, New Orleans [A]
For starters, de gustibus non disputandum est. Like what you like. But
prog is pretentious by proud self-definition and too often utterly
devoid of anything I would call groove. If you actively enjoy its
style of full-of-itself and have managed to reside in the Groove
Capitol of the Universe without developing a deep-seated craving for
groove itself, a peculiarity you clearly share with millions of others
who prefer the technical skills of such prog drummers as Yes's Bill
Bruford, none other than Genesis's Phil Collins, ELP's Carl Palmer
himself, and Lord help you Kansas's Phil Ehart, enjoy if enjoyment is
what that feeling is. This
major Ziggy Modeliste fan would
much rather feel his lungs expand as his mind taps its foot and his
favorite person in the world dances around the dining room.
[Q] First of all I want to wish you a happy birthday—we share the same one [April 18, ed.]. I've been listening to a lot of classical music lately. Bach, Beethoven, Brahms, Vivaldi, and Haydn continue to get listening time. I know you don't review many classical recordings. Still you clearly have knowledge of the music by your references in reviews of various artists such as Yes and Eric Carmen. Do you find yourself listening to any classical these days and if so what composers? -- Nathaniel Lathy, Columbus, Ohio [A]
I own a fair amount of classical music that came in the mail but just
about never play it. I could say I like Stravinsky and Bach and
Vivaldi and it would be true enough, but that's memory at best,
although when I took it upon myself to read Proust at 17 my professor,
a terrific old poet named
Ramon Guthrie, told our little seminar that Proust was inspired by
Beethoven's C sharp minor quartet, which I listened to on earphones in
the library and liked so much I bought it as an adult and have even
played it a few times.
[Q] Have you ever voted Republican in any presidential election? -- Daniel, Satu Mare, Romania [A]
Nope, but maybe for senator or something. In 1968 I did vote for at
least one Republican councilman I recall, named Don Weeden. The
basically anti-electoral Ellen Willis did too. Our councilman, whose
name has slipped my mind, was a Jewish Democrat who'd been around for
decades and was no progressive. Of course, that was in 1968, by which
time Republican John Lindsay was the relatively progressive mayor. And
in 2000 I voted for Nader rather than Gore, which in New York meant
nothing in the electoral college but in Florida might well have
provided Bush with his tiny margin of victory. In retrospect, I think
the fame Nader earned for his considerable consumer-protection and
environmental achievements went to his head the way even earned and
principled fame so often does and as a result wrecked our electoral
politics. And I will add that I can't imagine how a Romanian could
follow all this detail.
March 19, 2025Music of the True North, boxing days, the Bobbsey Twins as vocabulary builders, no soul radio (see also: Mark. 8 Verses 34 to 38), patriotic verb clusters, and remembering David Johansen. [Q] Now that we are on the brink of war with Canada, I share with you my Canad8:
Safe assumption that you never warmed up to Rush—even after Geddy's register dropped an octave or two—but I argue that they had a great run from Hemispheres to Signals, with some listenable albums here-and-there otherwise. You gave Loreena McKennitt a dud, but I found myself more and more curious, as she often ventured into early Celtic music and tales. -- Adam S. Fenton, Menifee, California [A]
Young,
Mitchell,
McGarrigles, to a somewhat lesser
extent
Cohen—titans all. And right,
Rush to a much much lesser
extent are my kind of band—my tastes jn rock run obviously run
more punk/new wave, although the
Guess Who played a minor role in
my 1969 breakup with Ellen Willis ("Undun" was key at that moment) and
I also found
Bachman-Turner Overdrive OK. But
really, give me the
New Pornographers,
Tokyo Police Club, recently
Pony. Plus some great rappers:
K'naan,
Backxwash, and last but also
very near the top of this graf the great
Buck 65.
[Q] I used to treasure your December Consumer Guides in the 1990s because they featured the best reissues of the year. Re-reading some of them lately, I notice that your introduction always mentioned how you focused on single disc (or sometimes two-CD sets) instead of box sets. Nevertheless, you have reviewed several box sets over the years and my question relates to box sets. Assuming that you own a lot more box sets than those you've reviewed, what are one or two or three boxes that you're glad are on your shelves, even though they may not be worth reviewing, and why? -- Henry T, Flushing [A]
A quick count indicates that I have going on 60 box sets in my office
and another 30 or so in the hall. There may be more somewhere. I don't
recall buying a single one, though there may be a few
exceptions—just about every one arrived in the mail free,
usually back in the good old review-copy days. I keep them primarily
because they orient me as nothing else could when I want to write
about one of the artists a collection compiles. The only ones I play
with the slightest regularity are the two
Armstrongs—Portrait
of the Artist as a Young Man, a career-spanning omnibus, and
The Complete Hot Five and Hot Seven Recordings, which documents
his '20s stuff. I don't play them because a choice album or sometimes
two or even three will sate my hunger and curiosity (and/or maybe
prove a special delight for Carola or Nina).
[Q] One of the benefits I've received from reading you for 40-plus years is that my vocabulary has been expanded due to your penchant for using arcane language at times. From who else would I have learned "prognathous" from an Aerosmith review or "lagniappe" while checking your thoughts on a Warren Zevon record? Nobody, that's who. Do you just have a natural gift for absorbing and retaining obscure vocabulary or have you always had a thesaurus (or open thesaurus tab) by your side. I suspect the former, but am curious. -- Bob Kannen, Brattleboro, Vermont [A]
From first grade, where I quickly learned to read well enough to
devour all my mom's old Bobbsey Twins books, I've had a large
vocabulary for my age, because my reading did not stop with the
Bobbsey Twins. I've always read a lot. That said, however,
"prognathous" I must have come upon while doing my best to nail a
metaphor. "Lagniappe," however, has been in my recall vocabulary for
decades. Have no idea why or how. But I don't use big words to
impress; I use what I regard as the most apt under the circumstances,
which can vary enormously.
[Q] I have two questions; the first is simply a request. Please get out of politics and stop insulting the President. You have done nothing tangible for this country and worship a band called Wussy. No comparison. And you have no idea how despicable and damaging your ideologies are or how deficient your understanding. My question is this: Where will you go when you "check out"? I've read your work for years and value it highly, but I'm truly concerned for your soul. -- William C. Kittrell, Byhalia, Mississippi [A]
I believe that when I die I will survive nowhere except in the hearts
and minds of my loved ones, friends, and admirers. But I'm aware that
no living human has any way to be certain that there's no such thing
as life after death, although if there is it will certainly not be
life as physical humans experience it. As for the president (literate
humans do not capitalize it as a noun as opposed to title, a
grammatical usage I'm sure sticks in the barely literate
motherfucker's craw in the unlikely event that he's aware of it at
all): He's a vindictive, pathologically resentful, racist
greedhead—evil, as I have not the slightest doubt the God whose
existence I think so unlikely is all too aware if he's out there
keeping tabs. Value that highly if you will.
[Q] Hey Mr. Christgau, America, my sunny and dusty old friend. The cowboys, the horses, and the plains. The bands of brothers. Is this goodbye? -- Martin Moeller, Vejle, Denmark [A]
Hope not, but can hardly blame you for asking. To borrow two verb
clusters from
Talking Points Memo's
Josh Marshall,
it's up to all of us on this side of the Atlantic to
defy-delay-undo, to slow-impede-defeat. I'm a patriotic
democrat/Democrat. So is almost everyone I know except a few
out-and-out leftists. But I don't know anyone who's feeling actively
confident that we'll be able to take some deep breaths four years from
now.
[Q] David Johansen. One of rock's great characters. An incredibly charismatic entertainer and a hell of a writer and singer. The New York Dolls are bigger and more fun than the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Incomprehensible that they are not inducted. That they even happened, that the group's fantastic music has been in orbit around the sun for over 50 years, is quite mind-blowing. They feel more and more underrated every time I play their records. It's music that for me remains as fresh and exciting as ever. My sincere question to you is simple: How will you remember Johansen and what will you miss about him? I admire him for his humor and intelligence, but also for his bravery, his insistence on being who/what he wanted to be where and when, and fuck you if you thought for even a second that you could stand in his way. And I miss him for exact those reasons as well. -- Andres, Malmö, Sweden February 19, 2025Louis Armstrong and the Beatles in book form, 'Brat' but it's a lowish A but also still 'Brat,' Emmylou Harris and Wussy grades grubbed, and combating the evil which is going on. [Q] My wife Rachel is loving the Ricky Riccardi interview with Terry Gross and what she's learning about Louis Armstrong. I liked your thoughtful summary of the biographies. In your opinion has there been anything better than Teachout in the years since you wrote that? And thank you for everything you do. -- Aldan G. Wylde, Oakland [A]
Armstrong being Armstrong, there probably has been, but that's not the
kind of thing I keep track of. My big
Terry Teachout-hooked piece was a lot
of work and ended up one of the best things I ever wrote. Recently
there was an Armstrong-inspired Broadway musical called A Wonderful
World that I found accurate and admirable and thought-provoking as
regards the strong women in his life should some version come your
way. But do I want to read another Armstrong book? That depends. For
sure the profusely illustrated Gary Giddins retrospective Satchmo:
The Genius of Louis Armstrong is worth having around to look at as
well as read.
[Q] I hope you have not answered this before but what are the best books about the Beatles? -- Dave W, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania [A]
Oddly enough, I haven't read that many Beatles books. But I'd be very
surprised if there was a better one than Rob Sheffield's Dreaming
the Beatles, which pays close attention to the female fans he
argues were the band's too often neglected artistic secret. That said,
Philip Norman's Shout: The Beatles in Their Generation was
early and excellent, and Brian Epstein's very early A Cellarful of
Noise, which I bought from a drugstore paperback rack circa 1966,
is embedded deep in my heart. May Pang's strange and sometimes
embarrassing Loving John has stuck with me, as has Norman's
2008 Lennon bio and for that matter The John Lennon Letters,
which I found so engrossing
I reviewed it. As I began by
admitting, I'm no expert, and as you may have noticed I keep going
back to JL. But I guarantee you'll get plenty from the Sheffield.
[Q] When your Brat review first came out I was a little surprised but not very by the letter grade and kind of incredulous that the actual text of the review spent most of its time flippantly describing a remix that didn't even appear on the album's official release. My girlfriend also detected some sexism though your Chappell Roan A a month later redeemed you in her eyes. So I was pleasantly shocked when I saw that Brat had moved up to your 11th best of 2024 in your year-end list. What changed your mind? And if I'm grade grabbing, where do you feel it is now? -- Tom, Philadelphia [A]
Probably a lowish full A, else it wouldn't be number 11. Initially I
found her self-evidently remarkable album hard to get both my mind and
my pleasure receptors around, which is why I wrote one of my more
abstruse reviews about it—a somewhat twisted and indirect
analysis of a relationship to Lorde I thought cool at the time and I
now find so "clever" I'm not sure it makes sense myself. But seeing
how positive the
year-end consensus was I found myself, well, convinced: able to
go back to the album and enjoy it for what it was.
[Q] Has your opinion of Emmylou Harris' body of work changed in the last two decades? You didn't rate any of her '70s and '80s and '90s albums very highly—not hardly high enough in my opinion as a long-time fan. The highest grade you gave her was a B+ for her Profile best-of, which is way too low. Don't you think Profile and its sequel Profile II should be A's not to mention her Ricky Scaggs-aided Roses in the Snow which is an acknowledged Nashville bluegrass classic? -- Earl Simmonds, Franklin, Tennessee [A]
As it happens, I was friendly with a guy who recorded her when they
both were living in the same building in Manhattan circa 1970. Wasn't
that impressed then either. Tastes differ, including yours and mine in
this matter. In order for my opinion to change I would have had to
play yet more Emmylou Harris, which I would only do were a guest to
make a request because I try to be a cordial host. Meanwhile, I have
better things to do and am happy to stand by this
Subjects for Further Research
graf in my '80s CG book. "In 1984 I wrote off her second best-of
('pristine neobluegrass, pristine rock oldies') even though I'd
already put 1980's pristine neobluegrass Roses in the Snow on my A
shelves. But 1986's rockish Thirteen impressed me almost as
much as 1987's Parton-Ronstadt-Harris Trio, which Harris held
together—this reformed folkie always sounds great on other
people's records. She's genuinely at home in Nashville, and put into
relief by competition like Nanci Griffith, Kathy Mattea, and Lacy
J. Dalton, she may well deserve to stand up there between Rosanne Cash
and Reba McEntire. That best-of sounds better now."
[Q] Going back through Wussy's back catalogue, I was startled by how much Forever Sounds holds up almost a decade later: surely now a full A? I feel like the only crime it committed was following up the near-definitive Attica. Even filler like "Gone" sounds gorgeous; don't even get me started on knock outs like "She's Killed Hundreds," "Hello, I'm a Ghost," and "Better Days." Call me a grade grubber, I don't give a damn. Also, an internet-man said you were recovering from a heart operation: hope you're healing well. -- Will Conder, London, England [A]
I must say it's flattering to have readers who gauge things so
carefully. Wussy, as I presume you're aware, probably owe me more than
any other band I've raved about, which is hardly to say I've turned
them into stars—the cash value of
critical approbation, even from Der
Dean, is damn near nugatory. But just for the hell of it I took a look
at the 2016 Dean's List and saw that they were 14th, right behind
Rye by
Dawn Oberg, who I expect
would just as soon not estimate the cash value of her full A but be
pleased if you checked out whether you too thought it superior to
Forever Sounds—commercially, she makes Wussy look like
the Rolling Stones. P.S. Heartwise I had an ablation to cure what I
experienced as all but imperceptible "atrial fibrillation." Live long
enough and strange words like these may enter your vocabulary as
well. Won't that be interesting? Even if you still don't know what an
ablation is after you've had one?
[Q] Despite being an atheist, you have a penchant for using the word "evil" unironically. How do you define evil, where does it come from, and how does one combat it? -- Chris, Dallas [A]
You don't need to believe in God to believe in evil—you just
have to have a conscience, or maybe simple empathy, a concept first
named by the ancient Greeks, who didn't believe in God although they
honored plenty of gods. You combat it by engaging in righteous
politics to the extent your personal life permits, which in this
godforsaken nation often means combatting "born-again" Christianity to
the best of your ability. I say that as a proudly apostate
ex-Christian whose younger brother is a born-again clergyman-activist
who figured out a way to honor his faith by using the church to train
nurses who'd promise to use their new skills in poor countries
overseas. I also say it as someone painfully aware that the odious sex
offender and let's just hope not disastrously unqualified defense
secretary Pete Hegseth is a rabid Christian nationalist who should be
called out on his religious affiliations as well as his alcohol abuse,
sexual assault allegation, and extensive history of organizational
incompetence.
January 29, 2025The Consumer Guide in the streaming era, the A Lists (the missing years), softening on Madonna and Taylor (but in different ways), spending time (see: fleeting) relistening to Randy Newman. [Q] I know some of the terms you use to describe your own profession are semi-ironic, but I also know you've taken the "Consumer Guide" title quite literally at times, assessing albums (especially compilations) in terms of their "bang for your buck" ratio and dismissing others as ripoffs. Some reviews make reference to the physical format of the music, noting the number of discs or bonus tracks available. I'm curious about how the changing format of music in the streaming age might have changed your perspective on the "worth" of music to the consumers you're advising. I know you still have a preference for owning the physical editions of albums and reviewing those when you can (though at least a couple albums you've reviewed recently have had no physical release at all), but does the thought that an increasing share of your audience might be exclusively streaming ever influence your thoughts about what an album might be worth to them? (For the record, I'm not one of those streamers.) -- Kurt Grunsky, Toronto [A]
Consumer Guide quote unquote is no longer as much a descriptor as a
brand—a rather profitable one for its (de facto) owner, me, that
is unlikely to be nearly as remunerative for anyone who purloins
it. Since I make it a practice to if possible buy the CD version of
any album that sounds like a potential pick after a (streamed) play or
two, it costs me money I wouldn't be spending if it wasn't making me
more money (though I'm sure I'd still buy some physicals). One reason
it's been so successful is that I don't fake or exaggerate my
responses, which is one of many skills I've mastered in the course of
the decades I've been doing it, and in addition I know from experience
that owning the physical improves the accuracy and detail of my
responses and judgments, sound quality and the surprise factor built
into my regular practice of sticking multiple discs into my changer in
the confidence that I'm unlikely to remember what's coming next. Can
this go on till I'm 90, which for many reasons is unlikely? Maybe,
maybe not. In seven or eight years perhaps I'll know and perhaps I
won't. In the meanwhile I'll help people not waste time on
music I believe is likely or not to be worth said time.
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